The book being discussed, authored by a scholar-diplomat, delves into the dynamics of the state in Pakistan and explores the intricate relationships between India and Pakistan. Sharat Sabharwal, having served as Deputy High Commissioner and High Commissioner of India in Pakistan, draws on his diplomatic experiences to address various bilateral issues. The book covers Pakistan’s political, social, and economic aspects, along with topics such as border disputes, the Kashmir issue, cross-border terrorism, trade challenges, and Pakistan’s external relations with the US, China, and the Islamic world.
Pakistan, shaped by the two-nation theory, is portrayed as a religion-based, geographically non-contiguous state founded on anti-Indian sentiments. Sabharwal examines the role of Islam in nation-building, with identity politics exacerbating differences between India and Pakistan. The military, functioning as a “state within the state,” wields significant power, influencing religion, intelligence agencies, terrorist groups, and even business conglomerates. This dominance has led to imbalances in civil-military power, contributing to issues like the drug trade and societal radicalization.
The author also highlights ethnic fault lines in Pakistan, emphasizing the dominance of Punjabi ethnicity while marginalizing other populations. Pakistan’s economic challenges, dependence on external aid, and reluctance to normalize trade relations with India are discussed. The book touches on Pakistan’s diplomatic ties with the Islamic world, transactional relations with the US, and the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Sabharwal suggests that promoting trade could be a transformative factor, but the nuclear capabilities of both India and Pakistan complicate bilateral solutions. Despite the ongoing threat of terrorism originating from Pakistan, the author maintains a measured tone, offering a comprehensive analysis without overt criticism of politicians or governments. While the book provides a thorough exploration of various themes, some readers might find it lacking a more critical edge in addressing specific events, such as terrorist incidents and diplomatic developments. Overall, the work is praised as excellent and essential reading for scholars, diplomats, and policymakers.
